This data is a 5km monthly hydrological data set, including grid runoff and evaporation (if evaporation is less than 0, it means condensation; if runoff is less than 0, it means precipitation is less than evaporation), simulated and output through the WEB-DHM distributed hydrological model of the Indus River basin, with temperature, precipitation, barometric pressure, etc. as input data.
WANG Lei, LIU Hu
Large-ensemble simulations of the atmosphere-only time-slice experiments for the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) were carried out by the model group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS-f3-L). Eight groups of experiments forced by different combinations of the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) for pre-industrial, present-day, and future conditions were performed and published. The time-lag method was used to generate the 100 ensemble members, with each member integrating from 1 April 2000 to 30 June 2001 and the first two months as the spin-up period. All of these model datasets will contribute to PAMIP multi-model analysis and improve the understanding of polar amplification.
HE Bian
The high-resolution atmosphere-hydrologic simulation dataset over Tibetan Plateau is prepared by WRFv4.1.1 model with grids of 191 * 355 and spatial resolution of 9 km, and a spatial range covering the entire plateau. The main physics schemes are configured with Thompson microphysics scheme, the rapid radiative transfer model (RRTM), and the Dudhia scheme for longwave and shortwave radiative flux calculations, respectively, the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) TKE scheme for the planetary boundary layer and the Unified Noah Land Surface Model. The time resolution is 3h and the time span is 2000-2010. Variables include: precipitation (Rain), temperature (T2) and water vapor (Q2) at 2m height on the ground, surface skin temperature (TSK), ground pressure (PSFC), zonal component (U10) and meridional component (V10) at 10m heigh on the ground, downward long-wave flux (GLW) and downward short-wave flux (SWDOWN) at surface, ground heat flux (GRDFLX), sensible heat flux (HFX), latent heat flux (LH), surface runoff (SFROFF) and underground runoff (UDROFF). The data can effectively support the study of regional climate characteristics, climate change and its impact over the Tibet Plateau, which will provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of the TP under the background of climate change.
MENG Xianhong, MA Yuanyuan
Meteorological elements of the dataset include the near-surface land-air exchange parameters, such as downward/upward longwave/shortwave radiation flux, momentum flux, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, etc. In addition, the vertical distributions of 3-dimensional wind, temperature, humidity, and pressure from the surface to the tropopause are also included. Independent evaluations were conducted for the dataset by comparison between the observational data and the most recent ERA5 reanalysis data. The results demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of this dataset against reanalysis data, which provides great potential for future climate change research.
LI Fei, Ma Shupo, ZHU Jinhuan, ZOU Han , LI Peng , ZHOU Libo
This data is generated based on meteorological observation data, hydrological station data, combined with various assimilation data and remote sensing data, through the preparation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau multi-level hydrological model system WEB-DHM (distributed hydrological model based on water and energy balance) coupling snow, glacier and frozen soil physical processes. The time resolution is monthly, the spatial resolution is 5km, and the original data format is ASCII text format, Data types include grid runoff and evaporation (if evaporation is less than 0, it means condensation; if runoff is less than 0, it means precipitation is less than evaporation in the month). If the asc cannot be opened normally in arcmap, please top the first 5 lines of the asc file.
WANG Lei, CHAI Chenhao
CMIP6 is the sixth climate model comparison plan organized by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). Original data from https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6 。 This dataset contains four SSP scenarios of Scenario MIP in CMIP6. (1) SSP126: Upgrade of RCP2.6 scenario based on SSP1 (low forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 2.6W/m2 in 2100). (2) SSP245: Upgrade of RCP4.5 scenario based on SSP2 (moderate forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 4.5 W/m2 in 2100). (3) SSP370: New RCP7.0 emission path based on SSP3 (medium forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 7.0 W/m2 in 2100). (4) SSP585: Upgrade the RCP8.5 scenario based on SSP5 (high forcing scenario) (SSP585 is the only SSP scenario that can make the radiation forcing reach 8.5 W/m2 in 2100). Using GRU data to correct the post-processing deviation of the original CMIP data, the post-processing data set of monthly precipitation (pr) and temperature (tas) estimates from 2046-2065 was obtained, with a reference period of 1985-2014.
YE Aizhong
Freeze-thaw index is an important sensitive indicator of climate change, and is also widely used in the study of frozen soil changes. The research on the spatial distribution characteristics and time variation trend of freezing and thawing index in the global scope can provide a basis for the global frozen soil environment assessment, engineering construction and coping with climate change. This data set is based on the daily temperature observation data of more than 14000 stations covering the global land from 1973 to 2021 to calculate the air freezing index (FI) and air melting index (TI). The freezing/thawing index is the cumulative value of the daily average temperature below/above 0 ℃ during the freezing/thawing period. Considering that the index calculation should cover the whole freezing/thawing period and ensure the continuity of the calculation period, the northern hemisphere takes July 1 of that year to June 30 of the next year as a freezing period, and takes January 1 to December 30 of that year as a melting period, while the southern hemisphere has the opposite freezing/thawing period. The stations with missing survey years were not filled, which, on the one hand, avoided the uncertainty error caused by interpolation on the results, and on the other hand, retained the authenticity and accuracy of the data as much as possible. The study of global freeze-thaw index can effectively and comprehensively understand the near surface heat state, and can provide important support for exploring the changes of freeze-thaw state.
PENG Xiaoqing, CHEN Cong , MU Cuicui
According to the data of three future scenarios of CMIP5 (RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5), the spatial variation characteristics and temporal variation trend of the global mean annual air temperature from 2006 to 2100 are analyzed. Under rcp2.6 scenario, the mean annual air temperature shows an increasing trend, with the growth rate ranging from 0.0 ° c/decade to 0.2 ° c/decade (P<0.05), the growth in high latitude regions is faster, ranging from 0.1 ° c/decade to 0.2 ° C / decade. Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the mean annual air temperature in the northern hemisphere in the 21st century, under different scenarios, the mean annual air temperature shows a warming trend, and the high latitudes show a more sensitive and rapid growth.
NIU Fujun
This data set is the conventional meteorological observation data of the Ngoring Lake Grassland Observation site (GS) in the source region of the Yellow River from 2017 to 2020, obtained by using Kipp&Zonen CNR4, Vaisala HMP155A, PTB110 and other instruments, with a time resolution of half an hour. Mainly include wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity(specific humidity in 2020), air pressure, downward short-wave radiation, downward long-wave radiation, precipitation.
MENG Xianhong, LI Zhaoguo
This dataset includes the monthly maximum temperature data with 0.0083333 arc degree (~1km) for China from Jan 1901 to Dec 2021. The data form belongs to NETCDF, namely .nc file. The unit of the data is 0.1 ℃. The dataset was spatially downscaled from CRU TS v4.02 with WorldClim datasets based on Delta downscaling method. The dataset was evaluated by 496 national weather stations across China, and the evaluation indicated that the downscaled dataset is reliable for the investigations related to climate change across China. The dataset covers the main land area of China, including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, and excluding islands and reefs in South China Sea. WGS84 is recommended for data coordinate system.
PENG Shouzhang
This data is the lowest monthly temperature data of China, with a spatial resolution of 0.0083333 ° (about 1km) and a time of 1901.1-2021.12. The data format is NETCDF, i.e.. Nc format. The unit of data is 0.1 ℃. This dataset is generated in China through the Delta spatial downscaling scheme based on the global 0.5 ° climate dataset released by CRU and the global high-resolution climate dataset released by WorldClim. In addition, 496 independent meteorological observation point data are used for verification, and the verification results are reliable. This data set covers the main land areas in China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), excluding islands and reefs in the South China Sea. WGS84 is recommended for data coordinate system.
PENG Shouzhang
1. Data content: air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed, average total radiation, total net radiation value and daily average water vapor pressure data. 2. Data source and processing method: Observed by American campel high-altitude automatic weather station, air temperature and humidity sensor model HMP155A; wind speed and wind direction model: 05103-45; net radiometer: CNR 4 Net Radiometer four component; atmospheric pressure sensor: CS106; Rain gauge: TE525MM. The automatic weather station automatically collects data every 10 minutes, and collects daily statistical data to obtain daily average weather data. 3. Data quality description: Data is automatically acquired continuously. 4. Data application results and prospects: The weather station is located in the middle of the glacier, and the meteorological data can provide data guarantee for simulating the response of oceanic glacier changes to global climate change in the context of future climate change.
LIU Jing
The Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor runs from Golmud to Lhasa. It passes through the core region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is an important passage connecting the interior and Tibet. As the primary parameter in the surface energy balance, the land surface temperature represents the degree of energy and water exchange between the earth and the atmosphere, and is widely used in the research of climatology, hydrology and ecology. The annual average surface land temperature is obtained by using the four day and night observations of Aqua and Terra. Therefore, the 8-day land surface temperature synthesis products MOD11A2 and MYD11A2 with a resolution of 1km were downloaded first, and then the data were batch projected by MRT (MODIS Reprojection Tool). Finally, the annual average MODIS land surface temperature data after 2010 was calculated by IDL.
NIU Fujun
As a huge elevated surface and atmospheric heat source in spring and summer, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (TP) has an important impact on regional and global climate and climate. In order to explore the thermal forcing effect of TP, the sensitivity test data set of sensible heat anomaly on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau was prepared. This data includes three groups of sensitivity tests: (1) in the fully coupled model cesm1.2.0, the plateau sensible heat is stronger CGCM from March to may in spring_ lar_ mon_ 3-12-2.nc and plateau thermal sensitivity are weak (CGCM)_ sma_ mon_ 3-12-2. Sensitivity test of NC; (2) In the single general circulation model cam4.0, the sensible heat of the plateau is stronger in spring (March may)_ lar_ Mon 3-8.nc and low sensible heat cam_ sma_ Mon3-8.nc sensitivity test. Including: 3D wind, potential height, air temperature, surface temperature, specific humidity, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, precipitation and other conventional variables Space scope: global simulation results
DUAN Anmin
Solar global and direct radiation are measured by radiation sensors (Model TBQ-4-1, TBS-2, China), and temperature and humidity are measured by a HOBO weather station (Model H21, onset company, USA). This dataset is solar radiation and meteorological variables, including solar globla and direct radiation in the wavelength range of 270-3200nm, unit: w/m2. The units of temperature, humidity and water vapor pressure are ℃, %, hPa, respectively. The dataset of solar radiation and meteorological elements come from the measurements of data providers. Data coverage time is 2013-2016. The data set can be used to study the solar radiation and its change mechanism in a subtropical region, China.
BAI Jianhui
Meteorological forcing dataset for Arctic River Basins includes five elements: daily maximum, minimum and average temperature, daily precipitation and daily average wind speed. The data is in NetCDF format with a horizontal spatial resolution of 0.083°, covering Yenisy, Lena, ob, Yukon and Mackenzie catchments. The data can be used to dirve hydrolodical model (VIC model) for hydrological process simulation of the Arctic River Basins. The further quality control were made for daily observation data from Global Historical Climatology Network Daily database(GHCN-D), Global Summary of the Day (GSPD),The U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN),Adjusted and homogenized Canadian climate data (AHCCD) and USSR / Russia climate data set (USSR / Russia). The thin plate spline interpolating method, which similar to the method used in PNWNAmet datasets (Werner et al., 2019), was employed to interpolate daily station data to 5min spatial resolution daily gridded forcing data using WorldClim and ClimateNA monthly climate normal data as a predictor.
ZHAO Qiudong, WU Yuwei
This data is a simulated output data set of 5km monthly hydrological data obtained by establishing the WEB-DHM distributed hydrological model of the source regions of Yangtze River and Yellow River, using temperature, precipitation and pressure as input data, and GAME-TIBET data as verification data. The dataset includes grid runoff and evaporation (if the evaporation is less than 0, it means deposition; if the runoff is less than 0, it means that the precipitation in the month is less than evaporation). This data is a model based on the WEB-DHM distributed hydrological model, and established by using temperature, and precipitation (from itp-forcing and CMA) as input data, GLASS, MODIA, AVHRR as vegetation data, and SOILGRID and FAO as soil parameters. And by the calibration and verification of runoff,soil temperature and soil humidity, the 5 km monthly grid runoff and evaporation in the source regions of Yangtze River and Yellow River from 1998 to 2017 was obtained. If asc can't open normally in arcmap, please delete the blacks space of the top 5 lines of the asc file.
WANG Lei
This data is a 5km monthly hydrological data set, including grid runoff and evaporation (if evaporation is less than 0, it means condensation; if runoff is less than 0, it means precipitation is less than evaporation). This data is a 5km monthly hydrological data set, including grid runoff and evaporation (if evaporation is less than 0, it means condensation; if runoff is less than 0, it means precipitation is less than evaporation).
WANG Lei
We utilized 12 datasets covering the period 900–1999 CE, including two summer temperature gridded datasets from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, two summer temperature series from the Arctic, a summer temperature gridded dataset from the Arctic, six global gridded annual temperature reconstruction datasets, and a last millennium reanalysis dataset with seasonal resolution. We used the optimal information extraction method to reconstruct the summer temperature anomalies in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Arctic over the past millennium (900–1999 CE) with annual resolution. The range of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is 27°N–36°N, 77°E–106°E, and the range of the Arctic is 60°N–90°N. The reconstruction target is the summer (June–August) temperature anomalies (with respect to 1961–1990 CE period) in the instrumental CRUTEM4v dataset. The data can be used to study the mechanism of temperature variability in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Arctic over the past millennium.
SHI Feng
The global high-resolution simulated near sea surface temperature precipitation SST data set from 1990 to 2020 is from the latest cmip6 project. Cmip6 is the sixth climate model comparison program organized by the world climate research project (WCRP). Original data source: https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip6 。 The data set includes the global near ocean surface temperature (TMP), precipitation (PR) and sea surface temperature (TOS). The air temperature and precipitation data include the rectangular combination of shared social economic path (SSP) and representative concentration path (RCP) of four different experimental scenarios of scenario MIP in cmip6. (1) Ssp126: upgrade rcp2.6 scenario based on ssp1 (low forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 2.6w/m2 in 2100). (2) Ssp245: upgrade rcp4.5 scenario based on SSP2 (moderate forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 4.5 w / m2 in 2100). (3) Ssp370: a new rcp7.0 emission path based on ssp3 (medium forcing scenario) (radiation forcing will reach 7.0 w / m2 in 2100). (4) Ssp585: upgrade rcp8.5 scenario based on ssp5 (high forcing scenario) (ssp585 is the only SSP scenario that can make radiation forcing reach 8.5 w / m2 in 2100). SST data provides ssp126 scenario data.
YE Aizhong
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